1801006117 long case

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I have been given this case to solve in an attempt to understand the topic of " patient clinical data analysis" to develop my competency in reading and comprehending clinical data including history, clinical findings, investigations and come up with diagnosis and treatment plan.



Case


A 50 year old male patient farmer by occupation came to the department with


CHIEF COMPLAINTS  :


 - shortness of breath since 13 days 

  - complaints of edema in both lower limbs since 9 days 

 -Decreased urine output since 9 days


HISTORY OF PRESENTING ILLNESS:


Patient is apparently asymptomatic 13 days back then he developed 

-Shortness of breath which was insidious in onset and progressed to Grade 4 ,aggrevated on lying down and  walking and relieved in sitting position.

- He also developed bilateral pedal edema ,since 9 days which is pitting in nature which is insidious in onset and it is initially Grade 1 and presently progressed  upto Grade4

-He also had decreased urine output since 9 days.

No history of chest pain,palpitations,syncope,fever, cough ,hemoptysis,burning micturition and knee pains.



PAST HISTORY:

10 years back -

   History of fall from tree 

3 years back -

  Diagnosed with Tuberculosis and Diabetis mellitus

1 year back -

  Noticed swelling in both legs and on consultation was diagnosed with Chronic kidney disease.

-Not a known case of ; Hypertension, thyroid, Asthma


TREATMENT HISTORY:

Drug history:

 -NSAIDS intermittently to relieve neck pain

 -Antitubercular therapy 

- Metformin 500mg three times a day

Past surgical history:

No  history of any surgeries in the

Past.


PERSONAL HISTORY:- 


-Patient takes mixed diet

-Appetite is normal 

-Sleep is adequate 

-Bowel - regular

-Bladder- decreased urinary output since 9 days 

-Addictions - occasionally alcohol consumption 


-Daily routine:

He is farmer by occupation and used to go to work by waking up at 6 am and breakfast at 7 am ,completes work by  afternoon ,takes rest and has dinner at 8 pm ,sleep at 10pm

He stayed at home since the  fall from tree due to low backache            


FAMILY HISTORY:- 

no significant family history 


ALLERGIC HISTORY:- 

no allergies to any kind of drugs or food items


GENERAL EXAMINATION:- 


Patient is conscious, coherent, and cooperative 

Moderately built and nourished

No pallor 

No icterus 

No cyanosis 

No clubbing

No lymphadenopathy

 -Pitting edema seen in both lower limbs














VITALS:

Temperature - Afebrile
Pulse Rate - 102 bpm
Respiratory Rate - 15cpm
Blood Pressure - 150/90mmHg
Sp02 - 97% at Room air
GRBS - 203 mg/dl



SYSTEMIC EXAMINATION: 












CVS EXAMINATION


INSPECTION:
Shape of chest is normal
Jugular venous pressure is mildly raised
No precardial bulge
Apex beat is not well appreciated
No dilated veins


PALPATION
Apex Beat - Shifted to 6th intercostal space lateral to mid clavicular line
No parasternal Heave
No thrills 


PERCUSSION:
Left border of heart- Shifted laterally
Right border of heart is normal in location

AUSCULTATION:
S1 S2 Heard and no murmurs



RESPIRATORY SYSTEM

INSPECTION: 
-Bilateral Air entry Present
-Trachea- central 
- Movements of Chest decreased on left side
- Type of respiration- abdominothoracic


PALPATION:
-All inspectory findings confirmed by Palpation 
- Expansion of chest decreased on left side.
-Tactile vocal fremitus

                                       Right                   Left
Supra clavicular:        normal       normal
Infra clavicular:          normal       normal
Mammary: 
                 normal        normal   
Inframammary          normal        decreased 
Axillary:                      normal          normal
Infra axillary:             normal       decreased
Supra scapular:         normal        normal
Infra scapular:           normal        decreased  
Inter scapular:           normal         normal




PERCUSSION:
 
                                         RIGHT               LEFT         
Supra clavicular:        resonant    resonant
Infra clavicular:        resonant   resonant 
Mammary: 
               resonant    resonant 
Inframammary         resonant   resonant 
Axillary:                      resonant      resonant 
Infra axillary:          resonant     dullnote
Supra scapular:       resonant     resonant 
Infra scapular:           resonant       dullnote
Inter scapular:           resonant      resonant 



AUSCULTATION:

- Vocal resonance 

                                     Right.                   Left

Supra clavicular:.       Normal               Normal
Infra clavicular:          Normal           Normal
Mammary:                   Normal             Normal
Inframammary:          Normal           Normal 
Axillary:                        N
ormal                 Normal
Infra axillary:              
Normal             decreased 
Supra scapular:           
Normal                 Normal
Infra scapular:            Normal
           decreased 
Inter scapular:            
Normal              normal


Breath sounds             
                                        Right.                   Left

Supra clavicular:.       Normal               Normal
Infra clavicular:          Normal           Normal
Mammary:                   Normal             Normal
Inframammary:          Normal           Normal 
Axillary:                        N
ormal                 Normal
Infra axillary:              
Normal             decreased 
Supra scapular:           
Normal                 Normal
Infra scapular:            Normal
           decreased 
Inter scapular:            Normal              normal 



ABDOMEN EXAMINATION:

INSPECTION 
Abdomen Shape-Normal
Umbilicus is central in position


PALPATION -
No Tenderness on  palpation.
Temperature - Afebrile
Liver is Non Tender 
Spleen is Not palpable


 PERCUSSION: tympanic note 

AUSCULTATION Bowel Sounds Heard



 CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM : 

Patient is conscious coherent and cooperative
Speech is normal 
No signs of meningeal irritation
Cranial nerves - intact 
Sensory system normal 
Motor system:
Tone - normal 
Power - bilaterally 5/5 
Deep tendon reflexes 
Biceps : ++
Triceps : ++
Supinator: ++ 
Knee : ++
Ankle : ++
Superficial reflexes - normal 
Gait - normal  



PROVISIONAL DIAGNOSIS:

Heart failure with left Pleural Effusion 



INVESTIGATIONS:

CHEST XRAY




ECG




2D ECHOCARDIOGRAPHY
Aortic Valve - Sclerotic
Moderate MR +, Moderate TR+ with PAH : Trivial Eccentric TR+
Global Hypokinetic , No AS/MS
Moderate LV Dysfunction+
Diastolic Dysfunction present


X-ray



ULTRASOUND

USG CHEST

Free fluid noted in bilateral pleural spaces (left more than right) with underlying collapse 

USG ABDOMEN 

Raised Echogenicity of both kidneys
  

Hemogram: 

Hemoglobin 11.7 gm/dl

Total count    9,000 cells/cumm

Neutrophils. 74 

Lymphocytes 20

Eosinophils 2

Monocytes 4

Basophils 0

Pcv. 36.5 vol

Mcv. 82.8 fl

RDW- CV 19.1 %

RBC COUNT:. 4.4 million/cu/mm





LIVER FUNCTION TEST
Total Bilirubin - 0.9 mg/dl
Direct Bilirubin - 0.1 mg/dl
Indirect Bilirubin - 0.8 mg/dl
Alkaline Phosphatase - 221 u/l
AST - 40 u/l
ALT - 81 u/l
Protein Total - 6.8g/dl
Albumin - 4.2 g/dl
Globulin - 2.6 g/dl
Albumin:Globulin Ratio - 1.6


Renal Function Test
Urea - 64 
Creatinine - 4.3
Na+   - 138
K+      - 3.4
Cl-       - 104
Spot urine Protein - 34
Spot urine creatinine - 14.8
Spot Urine : Creatinine Ratio - 2.29



Fasting Blood Sugar - 93mg/dl
PLBS - 152 mg/dl
HbA1c  - 6.5%


ABG :
pH : 7.3
pCO2 - 28.0
pO2 - 77.4
HCO3-.13.5
Spo2-94.7


DIAGNOSIS:


HEART FAILURE WITH reduced  EJECTION FRACTION

AND BILATERAL PLEURAL EFFUSION 

WITH ACUTE KIDNEY INJURY ON CHRONIC KIDNEY DISEASE (SECONDARY TO DIABETES/NSAID INDUCED)

WITH K/C/O DM II and TUBERCULOSIS SINCE 3 YEARS.



TREATMENT

1)Fluid Restriction less than 1.5 Lit/day
2) Salt restriction less than 1.2gm/day
3) INJ. Lasix 40mg IV / BD
4) TAB MET XL 25 mg 
5) TAB. CINOD 5 MG PO/OD(IF SBP MORE THAN 110 MM HG)
6. INJ. HUMAN ACTRAPID INSULIN SC/TID (ACCORDING TO SLIDING SCALE)
7. INJ. PAN 40 MG IV/OD
8. INJ. ZOFER 4 MG IV/SOS
 9. Vitals Monitoring 
10  TAB. ECOSPRIN AV 75/10 MG PO/










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